Equilibrium constants really contain a ratio of concentrations (actual concentration divided by the reference concentration that defines the standard state). Because the standard state for concentrations is usually chosen to be 1 mol/L, it is not written out in practical applications. 13.13. (b) At equilibrium, the value of the equilibrium constant is equal to the value of the reaction quotient. At equilibrium, K c = Q c = [ N 2 O 4] [ NO 2] 2 = 0.042 0.016 2 = 1.6 × 10 2. The equilibrium constant is 1.6 × 10 2. Note that dimensional analysis would suggest the unit for this Kc value should be M−1. If the equilibrium constant is 1 or nearly 1, it indicates that the molarities of the reactants and products are about the same. If the equilibrium constant value was a large number, like 100, or a very large number, like \(1 \times 10^{15}\), it indicates that the products (numerator) are a great deal larger than the reactants.
The formula for Hooke’s law specifically relates the change in extension of the spring, x , to the restoring force, F , generated in it: F = −kx F = −kx. The extra term, k , is the spring constant. The value of this constant depends on the qualities of the specific spring, and this can be directly derived from the properties of the spring
Figure 17.4.2: The Titration of (a) a Strong Acid with a Strong Base and (b) a Strong Base with a Strong Acid (a) As 0.20 M NaOH is slowly added to 50.0 mL of 0.10 M HCl, the pH increases slowly at first, then increases very rapidly as the equivalence point is approached, and finally increases slowly once more.

15.6: Calculating and Using Equilibrium Constants. To understand how different phases affect equilibria. When the products and reactants of an equilibrium reaction form a single phase, whether gas or liquid, the system is a homogeneous equilibrium. In such situations, the concentrations of the reactants and products can vary over a wide range.

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    • how to measure equilibrium constant